In order to determine relationship of LEAF CHLOROPHYLL concentration and yield and quality using CHLOROPHYLL meter in sugar beet research was conducted using various levels of nitrogen fertilizer during different growth stages of sugar beet plants on research farm of Sugar beet Institute located in Karaj Kamal- Abad during 2007, design based on Randomized Complete Blocks in four replications. Five level pre-sowing nitrogen from the source of urea was applied in amounts of 0 (as control), 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg/h. CHLOROPHYLL concentration LEAF blade number 5 was measured by CHLOROPHYLL meter (SPAD) at 12-15 LEAF stage. In the same leaves, concentrations of nitrogen (by Kjeldahl method) was measured. The results showed that moreover 50% of the variability in yield is explained by the SPAD reading in the growth stages 12-15 LEAF in sugar beet. SPAD value was, also related whit N concentration and a- amino N in root. The highest SPAD reading showed maximum a- amino N in root. Nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the CHLOROPHYLL meter reading. The least number read from SPAD was 38, which associated with no-applied nitrogen treatment. Highest yield of root (ton / hac) in this experiment was related to with N160, which the number read from the CHLOROPHYLL meter in levele was equal with 41.2. According to the obtained results, therefore, whit further research CHLOROPHYLL meter (SPAD) can be used as a simple rapid and non- destructive and may be useful to predict yield and may be a useful tool determine which field to harvest late in season.

The effect of salinity on nitrogen absorption and LEAF CHLOROPHYLL content of wheat (cv. Falat) was studied in two separate greenhouse traits, both in a completely randomized block design with three replication. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 1.19 and 5.94 g Urea/pot) and three levels of salinity (0, 150 and 300 mol/m3 salts) were used as treatments. Salinity conducted by combining sodium and calcium chloride in a 1:10 molar ratio and pots were irrigated with modified Hogland solution in close system. LEAF CHLOROPHYLL and nitrogen contents, stomatal resistance, specific LEAF weight (SLW) specific LEAFnitrogen (SLN) were measured at booting and anthesis stages. The results showed a high correlation between SPAD reading (LEAF CHLOROPHYLL) and LEAF nitrogen content and SLN. LEAF nitrogen content reduced but SLN and stomatal resistance increased by increasing salinity levels. SPAD reading increased up to salinity levels of 150 mol/m3 but reduced at higher salt concentration. Adjusted SPAD reading on SLW (SPAD/SLW) showed higher correlation with salinity levels compared to unadjusted SPAD reading and may used as indicator for severity of salt stress.

In order to determine the critical nitrogen concentration of canola LEAF and study the correlation of yield and yield components of this plant with LEAF nitrogen concentration, thirty five farms, managed in the same way as Varamin plain and located in the dominant soil of the region (i. e., Varamin Type), have been selected during 2017-2018. LEAF samples are picked up from these farms at flowering stage, then to be prepared for the analysis. In the harvest season, all 35 fields are harvested and the mean grain yield is determined. Kate and Nelson's graphical method has determined the critical nitrogen concentration in dry leaves as 3% for 90% relative yield. There has been a significant correlation between the content of canola LEAF nitrogen as independent variable (X) with other traits, including grain yield and yield components as dependent ones (Y) at the 35 studied farms. Results of the studies show that canola seed yield has been affected by LEAF nitrogen content, which in canola leaves are significantly correlated with grain yield. This correlation is followed by a quadratic function with a coefficient of explanation of 0. 97. Also according to the results, the concentration of LEAF nitrogen, causing the maximum grain yield, have been 4. 36%. Accordingly, nitrogen fertilizer application could increase grain yield in the fields with an amount less than this.

In order to study drought stress and manure effects on cell membrane stability (integrity) and LEAF CHLOROPHYLL content in L17 soybean line, a split plot design was conducted on the basis of complete randomized block design. Main plots were included drought levels as irrigation after 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation of basin class A, and 0, 15, 30 and 45 t/ha manure were assigned to subplots. The results showed that, relative water content (RWC) was reduced with increasing drought stress. In manure treatments, the maximum RWC was obtained by using 45 t/ha. At the end of flowering stage cell membrane stability (CMS) was increased with drought stress and it was from %70.14 (favorable irrigation) to %76.22 (drought stress). Increasing the use of animal manure caused decreasing in CMS from %75.96 (without use of manure) to %68.55 (use of 45 t/ha). At the end of flowering stage the maximum concentration amount of a CHLOROPHYLL (53.40 mgg-1 fresh LEAF) and b CHLOROPHYLL (42.12 mgg-1 fresh LEAF) observed in the moderate water stress condition and follow it in highly stress and favorable irrigation. At the seed initiation formation stage, the effect of manure on CHLOROPHYLL concentration was not significant (p>0.05); the maximum concentration of a CHLOROPHYLL (79.31 mgg-1 fresh LEAF) was in moderate stress. The highest concentration of CHLOROPHYLL a was produced in 30 t/ha animal manure. The concentration of CHLOROPHYLL b was not significant (p> 0.05) in both irrigation and animal manure treatments.

In this study, the effect of four citrus rootstocks {sour orange (Citrus aurantium), Bakraeii (C. reticulata × C. aurantium, Mexican lime (C. aurantifolia) and Volkamerlemon (C. volkameriana)} on Orlando Tangelo LEAF CHLOROPHYLL content and mineral element concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cl, Cu, and B) have been evaluated in completely randomized design with four replications. Budded Orlando Tangelo on above rootstocks were grown in pots containing calcareous soil (pH=8.2) in greenhouse. Results showed that rootstocks had significant effect on LEAF CHLOROPHYLL content. Highest CHLOROPHYLL content was on sour orange rootstock. Rootstock types had significant effect on LEAF mineral concentrations except of Ca, Mg, Cu and B. LEAF N and Ca concentrations on all rootstocks and Mn only on Mexican lime rootstock was lower than optimum range. LEAF Cl and Cu concentrations was higher than optimum range on all rootstocks. Scions on sour orange had highest Cl concentration and Na concentration was the highest on Volkamer lemon rootstock.

In order to investigate some physiological characteristics affecting drought, 10 lines and bread wheat cultivars including tolerant and sensitive lines in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block experimental design with two irrigation treatments (conventional and stress) as major and cultivars were subfactor as were 3 replications. Drought stress was applied with irrigation at earing stage. The results showed that stomatal conductance moisture regime on yield, grain yield, harvest index, rate of grain production and grain weight per spike was also a significant effect. Between cultivars and lines of most aspects of physiological characteristics, there were significant differences. The highest yield in the line with the average C-85D-13 553.5 ton/ha was allocated. These lines have the highest yield (888.6 ton/ha) in non-stress also won. Non-stress conditions lines of C-78-14 was higher than other varieties and also the greatest stress on stomatal conductance and the lowest yield was dedicated to the Zarin cultivar. Stress in the C-85D-13 won the highest CHLOROPHYLL. Results showed a significant effect of irrigation regimes on LEAF area index and the C-85D-13 won the highest LAI. Overall results indicate that the lines C-85D-13 and C-78-14 in both conditions were considered acceptable to yield.

IntroductionDust nowadays has harmful effects on palm trees in different areas. This phenomenon has had a negative effects on the quantity and quality of the date crops. So effect of dust on LEAF CHLOROPHYLL, stomatal conductance and fruit product percentage in date trees has been investigated. Materials and MethodsThe study regions were selected by using meteorological data with different dust concentrations. Routak (high dust intensity), Jalqh (medium dust intensity) and Saravan (low dust intensity) were selected. In each of the three regions, five groves and within each grove, 5 palm trees with similar conditions were selected. LEAF CHLOROPHYLL traits were measured in two modes without washing and after washing, As well as stomatal conductance of five chosen leaves. Results and DiscussionThe results showed a significant difference in LEAF CHLOROPHYLL and stomatal conductance after washing. Saravan region with the least dust had the highest LEAF CHLOROPHYLL and Routak with high dust concentration had the lowest CHLOROPHYLL. Also, the amount of CHLOROPHYLL in all three regions in LEAF washing conditions was higher than the state of not washing the leaves. CHLOROPHYLL in the region with high concentration of dust is much less than the area with less dust. The mean comparison results show a decrease in stomatal conductivity in areas with high dust concentrations (Routak area). The highest percentage of fruitset (92.98%) was obtained in Saravan region with less dust concentration. The most inferior fruitset (60%) was obtained in the Routak region with high dust concentration. The highest percentage of inoculation (98.85) and the lowest percentage of precipitation (1.14) were obtained in Saravan. The lowest rate of inoculation (89.28) and the highest percentage of shedding (10.17) were obtained in Routak region. ConclusionDust settles on the leaves, closing the stomata, reducing the stomatal conductance and CHLOROPHYLL. Severe dust reduces fruitset, fruit formation percentage and increases fruit drop percentage. In general, the obtained results showed the adverse effects of high dust concentration on the studied traits.

In order to measure the effects of redroot pigweed emergence time and density to light absorption and LEAF CHLOROPHYLL content at interference with three sunflower hybrids, a two years experiment was conducted during 2005-2006 based on additive design at islamic azad university of Tabriz. Treatments were combination of three different weed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) at three relative times of weed emergence (coincident with sunflower; and 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) using three different sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun and Allstar). Results revealed that in Azarghol and Hysun mixed canopy closure with increasing of density and early emergence times was happened. Because of short stem height and lower LEAF area, Allstar could transmit 8% of total PAR at 60 days after sunflower emergence. In full-season interference of 41.7 weeds m-2, light absorption by redroot pigweed in three sunflower cultivars increased 23%, 31% and 37%, respectively.With increasing of density and earlier interference times of redroot pigweed, LEAF CHLOROPHYLL content index decreased in all studied treatments except in treatments of different weed densities at 30 days after sunflower emergence, and the Allstar was tolerated higher negative effect from weed density than other cultivars. With a view to grain yield in sunflower, compatibility of redroot pigweed with Allstar was higher than Azarghol and Hysun cultivars.In Allstar because of lower competitive power with weeds, redroot pigweed control is recommended at early interference times.